The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. "A Molecular Phylogeny of Living Primates". "Summary of phylogeny in subfamily Colobinae (Primate: Cercopithecidae)". : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Mammalogy : Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology. Hindgut- and foregut-fermenting folivores". "Effect of dietary fiber concentration on apparent digestibility and digesta passage in non-human primates. "Phylogenetic position of the langur genera Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus among Asian colobines, and genus affiliations of their species groups". ^ Osterholz, Martin Walter, Lutz Roos, Christian (2008)."Mitochondrial data support an odd-nosed colobine clade" (PDF). Zhang, Ya-Ping Stewart, Caro-Beth Disotell, Todd R. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). In India, gray langurs ( Semnopithecus spp.) are known to hybridize with Nilgiri langurs ( Trachypithecus johnii). Intergeneric hybrids are known to occur within the subfamily Colobinae. Genus Rhinopithecus - snub-nosed monkeys.Genus Piliocolobus - red colobus monkeys.Genus Colobus - black-and-white colobus monkeys.The Asian Presbytini comprises seven genera split into two clades, the odd-nosed group and the langur group. The Colobini tribe contains three genera, black-and-white colobuses, red colobuses, and the olive colobus, all of whom are found in Africa. Based on fossil records, the tribes split between 10 and 13 million years ago. Their life expectancy is approximately 20 years.Ĭolobinae is split into two tribes: Colobini, found in Africa, and Presbytini, found in Asia. Young are weaned at about one year and are mature at three to six years. Unlike the other subfamily of Old World monkeys, the Cercopithecinae, they do not possess cheek pouches. In contrast, lower diversity howler monkeys in the New World rely on hindgut fermentation – occurring lower in the colon or cecum – much like horses and elephants. Foregut fermentation is also associated with higher protein extraction and efficient digestion of fiber it is the dominant form of digestions in diverse herbivore taxa, including most Artiodactyla (e.g., deer, cattle, antelope), sloths, and kangaroos. Foregut fermenters use bacteria to detoxify plant compounds before reaching the intestine, where toxins can be absorbed. To aid in digestion, particularly of hard-to-digest leaves, they have multichambered, complex stomachs, making them the only primates with foregut fermentation.
They live in groups, but in social forms vary.Ĭolobines are folivorous, though their diet may be supplemented with flowers, fruits and the occasional insect. They are found in many different habitats of different climate zones ( rainforests, mangroves, mountain forests, and savannah), but not in deserts and other dry areas.
Most species are arboreal, although some live a more terrestrial life. The coloring of nearly all young animals differs remarkably from that of the adults. Characteristics Colobines are mainly arboreal and folivorous primates.Ĭolobines are medium-sized primates with long tails (except for the pig-tailed langur) and diverse colorations. Analysis of mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but are inconsistent as to the relationships of the gray langurs some studies suggest that the gray langurs are not closely related to either of these groups, while others place them firmly within the langur group. The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Both classifications put the three African genera Colobus, Piliocolobus, and Procolobus in one group these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs (Greek κολοβός kolobós = "docked"). Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. For other uses, see Langur (disambiguation).
0 kommentar(er)
